Ground water and streams
An introductory acquaintance with groundwater and surface water and the terms used in discussing them is important and understanding many important issues, problems and solutions.
Rain that falls on the land evaporates, runs off the surface and is transported underground. Locations where water infiltrates the ground water system are known as recharge zones. Places where groundwater flows or seeps out at the surface such as springs are discharge zones or points.
Water that moves (or filtrates) into the ground first seeps through the soil and rock known as vetoes zones. Which is seldom saturated and then enters the ground water system. the upper surface of which is called the water table below the groundwater table all the pore spaces.
Sustainability and water management
Water is essential to sustain life. We also recognize that water is essential for maintaining ecological systems necessary for survival of humans as a result water plays important role in ecosystem support, economic development, cultural values and community well been .
From a water supply use and management perspective sustainable water use may be defined as the use of water resources by people that allows our society to develop and flourish into an indefinite future without degrading the various component of hydrologic cycle or the ecological system that depends on it.

The water resource of the plant are sustainable, provided we manage them properly and they are not overused, polluted or infected.
This requires good water management strategy.
We believe that the move towards sustainable water use must be facilitated now to avoid conflict in the future.
Some criteria for water use sustainability are as follows
· Develop water resources in sufficient volumes to maintain human health and well-being.
· Provide sufficient water resources to guarantee the health and maintenance of ecosystem.
· Ensure minimum standards of water quality for the various users of water resources.
· Ensure that actions of humans do not damage or reduce long-term renewability of water resources.
· Promote the use of water efficient technology and practice.
To work towards the sustainability, we must be sure that we have institutional process and mechanism to prevent and resolve conflicts over water use.
There is fear that if we continue our present policies concerning water resources, there will be increase incidents of social, economic and environmental conflict over water use.
Dams and the environment
Dams and their accompanying reason generally are designed to be multifunctional structures. People who proposed the construction oh dams and reservoirs point out that reservoirs may be used for recreational activities as well as to provide flood control and ensure a more stable water supply.
However it is often difficult to reconcile these various uses at a given site for example water demands for agriculture might be high during the summer resulting in a draw down of the reservoir and the production of the extensive mudflats or an exposed bank area subject to increase erosion.
Those interested in recreation find a low water level and the mudflats aesthetically degrading.
Also high water demand may cause quick changes in lake levels, which may interfere with wildlife (particularly fish) by demanding or limiting spawning opportunities finally, dams and reservoirs tend to a table scene of security to those leaving below the water retention structures, because dams cannot fully protect us against floods.

The environmental effect of dams is considerable and includes the following:
· Loss of land and biological resources in reservoir area.
· Storage behind the dam of sediment that will otherwise move downstream to coastal area where it would supply sand to beaches. The trapped sediments also reduce water storage capacity, limiting the life of the reservoir.
· Downstream changes in hydrology and in sediment transport that change the entire river environment organism that lives there.
There is a little doubt that if our present practice of water use continues we will need additional dams and reservoirs and some existing dams will be heightened to increase water storage.
Conflict over the construction of additional dams and reservoirs are hind to occur water developers may view to canyon dam site as a resource for water storage, which other people view it is a wilderness area and a recreation site for future generations.
The conflict is particularly pointed because good dams site are often site of high quality scenic land scope.

There is also an economic aspect to dam.